Gas leakage detector in survey related work

"Gas leaks can cause major incidents resulting in both human injuries and financial losses. To avoid such situations, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted to the development of reliable techniques for detecting gas leakage. As knowledge about the existence of a leak is not always enough to launch a corrective action, some of the leak detection techniques were designed to allow the possibility of locating the leak. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the state-of-the-art in leak detection and localization methods. Additionally, we evaluate the capabilities of these techniques in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using each leak detection solution.

 1. Gas leakage source detection and boundary tracking of continuous objects have received significant research attention in the academic as well as the industries due to the loss and damage caused by toxic gas leakage in large-scale petrochemical plants. With the advance and rapid adoption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the last decades, source localization and boundary estimation have become the priority of research works. In addition, an accurate boundary estimation is a critical issue due to the fast movement, changing shape, and invisibility of the gas leakage compared with the other single object detections. We present various gas diffusion models used in the literature that offer effective computational approaches to measure the gas concentrations in the large area. In this paper, we compare the continuous object localization and boundary detection schemes with respect to complexity, energy consumption, and estimation accuracy. Moreover, this paper presents the research directions for existing and future gas leakage source localization and boundary estimation schemes with WSNs.

2... These methods have been classified using various frameworks. Some authors have classified them into two categories: hardware and software-based methods . In an attempt to group these methods based on technical nature further research efforts have been made which has led to the classification of available leakage detection systems into three major groups, namely internal, non-technical or noncontinuous and external methods".

 

Recent Advances in Pipeline Monitoring and Oil Leakage Detection Technologies: Principles and Approaches

Pipelines are widely used for the transportation of hydrocarbon fluids over millions of miles all over the world. The structures of the pipelines are designed to withstand several environmental loading conditions to ensure safe and reliable distribution from point of production to the shore or distribution depot. However, leaks in pipeline networks are one of the major causes of innumerable losses in pipeline operators and nature. Incidents of pipeline failure can result in serious ecological disasters, human casualties and financial loss. In order to avoid such menace and maintain safe and reliable pipeline infrastructure, substantial research efforts have been devoted to implementing pipeline leak detection and localisation using different approaches. This paper discusses pipeline leakage detection technologies and summarises the state-of-the-art achievements. Different leakage detection and localisation in pipeline systems are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. Comparative performance analysis is performed to provide a guide in determining which leak detection method is appropriate for particular operating settings. In addition, research gaps and open issues for the development of reliable pipeline leak detection systems are discussed.

These methods have been classified using various frameworks. Some authors have classified them into two categories: hardware and software-based methods In an attempt to group these methods based on technical nature further research efforts have been made which has led to the classification of available leakage detection systems into three major groups, namely internal, non-technical or non-continuous and external methods.

... Different types of vapour sampling-based pipeline leak monitoring systems have been proposed in the literature. The use of sniffer tubes based on a hydrocarbon permeable cylinder for detecting spillage around the pipeline environment was reported in.

Therefore, detecting the leakage in pipelines in order to avoid wastage and damage to nature is very important. Most studies are based on the design of the model leak detection methods and develop the investigation of friction coefficients. In the authors studied the methods for leak detection.
... Most studies are based on the design of the model leak detection methods and develop the investigation of friction coefficients. In the authors studied the methods for leak detection. Furthermore compared the capabilities of the techniques in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using each leak detection solution. 


('Furthermore compared the capabilities of the techniques in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using each leak detection solution. On the other hand, various researches have been done by introducing new algorithms in order to detect the leakage. Besancon et al. used the observation technique in order to observe the leakage in the pipeline directly. In recent years, there have been widespread studies based on frequency viewpoint analysis in the detection of deficiency in pipelines 
Pipeline Monitoring Architecture Based on Observability and Controllability Analysis

Conference Paper')

Pipeline Monitoring Architecture Based on Observability and Controllability Analysis

           Abstract

 "Recently many techniques with different applicability have been developed for damage detection in the pipeline. The pipeline system is designed as a distributed parameter system, where the state space of the distributed parameter system has infinite dimension.  This paper is dedicated to the problem of observability as well as controllability analysis in the pipeline systems. Some theorems are presented in order to test the observability and controllability of the system.  Computing the rank of the controllability and observability matrix is carried out using Matlab". 

Abstract— Recently many techniques with different

applicability have been developed for damage detection in the

pipeline. The pipeline system is designed as a distributed

parameter system, where the state space of the distributed

parameter system has infinite dimension.

This paper is dedicated to the problem of observability as well

as controllability analysis in the pipeline systems. Some theorems

are presented in order to test the observability and controllability

of the system. Computing the rank of the controllability and

observability matrix is carried out using Matlab.

Along with the development of industrial requirements, more and more long-distance pipelines have built and served. According to the experiences, pipelines, as a means of transport, are the safest but this does not mean they are risk-free. Therefore, assuring the reliability of the gas pipeline infrastructure has become a critical need for the energy sector. Pipeline monitoring systems are indispensable in the areas of power plantsˈ petroleum and chemistry industries. When passing through the harsh environment, pipelines may be broken or blocked which would cause huge economic loss. The main threat considered, when looking for means of providing the reliability of the pipeline network, is the occurrence of leaks. When the pipeline has problem same as leaking, broken or blocked, will cause harm to nature, and the environment. Therefore, detecting the leakage in pipelines in order to avoid wastage and damage to nature is very important. Most studies are based on the design of the model leak detection methods and develop the investigation of friction coefficients. In the authors studied the methods for leak detection. Furthermore compared the capabilities of the techniques in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using each leak detection solution.  On the other hand, various researches have been done by introducing new algorithms in order to detect the leakage Bensancon et al.  used the observation technique in order to observe the leakage in the pipeline directly. In recent years, there have been widespread studies based on frequency viewpoint analysis in the detection of deficiency in pipelines. Masha et al. proposed a frequency response model. Covas et al.  presented the standing wave difference method SWDM for leak detection. Verde et al.  have so many research in leak isolation and modelling observation in the detection of multi-leaking in the fluid pipeline. Zecchin et al. introduced the network admittance matrix method, for clarifying the frequency domain analysis of complex systems, and they combined admittance forms of the link equations in the frequency domain with graph-theoretic matrices. Nowadays, by introducing a neural network, a new method [13-18] is considered an attractive approach for leak detection. The most current published researches are based on designing the observer, controller or fault diagnosis techniques. Nevertheless, investigating the observability as well as controllability of the pipeline system is exceptionally significant. The classical techniques for determining the observability as well as controllability is in direct relation with the fullness of the rank of the discrimination matrices. In this paper, an intuitive technique is introduced for analyzing the observability as well as the controllability of the pipeline system. The parameters such as pressure and flow are maintained constantly by implementing control valves depending on the different pressure and flow rate of the transmitting pipe. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: Section II presents the pipeline mathematical modelling for a constant friction coefficient. Section III describes the observability and Controllability of the model of the pipeline. Finally, Conclusions are given in Section IV. II.  PIPELINE MODELING In this paper, the convective change in the liquid density as well as the compressibility in the line are neglected, and the flow rate , and pressure at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline are measurable. The cross-sectional area of the pipe is constant throughout the pipe. The designed pipeline is shown in Figure. 1. The dynamics of fluid in a pipeline is defined on the basis of the mass and momentum conservation equations in hydrodynamics. 

Recently many techniques with different

applicability have been developed for damage detection in the

pipeline. The pipeline system is designed as a distributed

parameter system, where the state space of the distributed

parameter system has infinite dimension.

This paper is dedicated to the problem of observability as well

as controllability analysis in the pipeline systems. Some theorems

are presented in order to test the observability and controllability

of the system. Computing the rank of the controllability and

observability matrix is carried out using Matlab.

Recently many techniques with different

applicability have been developed for damage detection in the

pipeline. The pipeline system is designed as a distributed

parameter system, where the state space of the distributed

parameter system has infinite dimension.

This paper is dedicated to the problem of observability as well

as controllability analysis in the pipeline systems. Some theorems

are presented in order to test the observability and controllability

of the system. Computing the rank of the controllability and

observability matrix is carried out using Matlab.

Recently many techniques with different

applicability have been developed for damage detection in the

pipeline. The pipeline system is designed as a distributed

parameter system, where the state space of the distributed

parameter system has infinite dimension.

This paper is dedicated to the problem of observability as well

as controllability analysis in the pipeline systems. Some theorems

are presented in order to test the observability and controllability

of the system. Computing the rank of the controllability and

observability matrix is carried out using Matlab.